Author: George Papaconstantinou, Full-time Professor and Chair in International Political Economy - Florence School of Transnational Governance, European University Institute

France’s ten-year government bond yield reached 5% last week, its highest level in more than two decades. The extra interest it pays over Germany – the “spread” investors use to gauge French-specific risk – has widened dramatically. Parliament is wrestling with a 2027 budget requiring €54 billion in fiscal measures, while protests and violent clashes across […]