In a high-stakes diplomatic intervention on January 3, 2026, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) called for “maximum restraint” and the prioritisation of dialogue following a dramatic escalation in southern Yemen. The appeal follows a surprise declaration of independence by the Southern Transitional Council (STC) and a subsequent military counter-offensive by Saudi-backed forces in the resource-rich Hadramout province.
The UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs emphasized the need for a “rational and responsible approach,” urging all Yemeni factions to avoid further confrontation that could destabilize the wider region.
The “State of South Arabia” Declaration
The current crisis was ignited on January 2, 2026, when the UAE-backed STC announced a new 30-article “constitution” for an independent nation named the State of South Arabia.
- The Two-Year Plan: STC President Aidarous al-Zubaidi declared a two-year transitional period, culminating in a referendum on self-determination.
- Border Context: The proposed state mirrors the borders of the former People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen, which existed as an independent entity from 1967 until unification in 1990.
- Ultimatum: The STC warned that military action against the south would lead to an “immediate” declaration of independence, bypassing the planned transition.
Military Escalation in Hadramout
The diplomatic rift between Gulf allies reached a boiling point as Saudi-backed National Shield Forces launched a preemptive operation to reclaim strategic sites.
| Strategic Asset | Current Status (Jan 3, 2026) |
| Seiyun International Airport | Recaptured by Saudi-backed forces after STC withdrawal. |
| Mukalla (Provincial Capital) | Reports of security breakdown and advancing government troops. |
| Al-Khasha Military Camp | Targeted by Saudi airstrikes; at least 20 casualties reported by STC. |
Hadramout Governor Salem al-Khanbashi characterized the offensive as a “peaceful military operation” aimed at securing weapons and preventing chaos, rather than a declaration of war. However, the STC has accused Riyadh of “knowingly misleading” the international community with the label of a peaceful mission.
The UAE’s Full Military Withdrawal
Coinciding with the unrest, the UAE confirmed on Saturday that it has completely concluded its military presence in Yemen.
- Counter-Terrorism Exit: The UAE Defense Ministry stated that its remaining counter-terrorism units have returned home following an explicit request and in coordination with regional partners.
- Cessation of Support: In a significant shift, Abu Dhabi announced it is halting all forms of support—including development and humanitarian aid—to prevent being perceived as fuel for the ongoing escalation.
The Path to De-escalation
With tensions at an all-time high, Saudi Arabia has extended an invitation to all southern factions for a “comprehensive conference” in Riyadh to discuss a political solution. The UN Security Council, under the January presidency of Somalia, is also scheduled to hold an emergency briefing on the situation.
The conflict now poses a dual threat: an internal war between anti-Houthi allies in the south, and the persistent, decade-long stalemate with the Houthi movement in the north. International observers warn that without immediate adherence to the UAE’s call for restraint, Yemen risks a permanent and violent fracture.
