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The U.S. Stock Market: Best and Worst Performing Sectors in 2022

The markets in 2022 were characterized by a lot more pain than gain.

In the U.S., the Fed hiked interest rates seven times. Globally, central banks raised interest rates for the first time in years in order to combat surging inflation. The Russian invasion of Ukraine and China’s COVID Zero ambitions threw markets and supply chains into further disarray.

To recap the past 12 months, we’ve created an augmented version of the classic FinViz treemap, showing the final numbers posted for major U.S.-listed companies, sorted by sector and industry.

Below, we look closer at the majority of companies that finished the year in the red, and the few industries and companies that beat the odds and saw positive growth.

The Winners

In this year’s stock market visualization, there’s a lot more red than green. That said, there were winners to be found, even during this turbulent year. Here are a few of them:

Energy

Looking at the visualization above, it’s easy to see which sector dominated this year. In fact, energy was the only sector to see positive performance, with most major energy stocks seeing double-digit growth.

In particular, ExxonMobil had a monster year. The energy giant’s record Q3 profit came close to matching Apple’s (no small feat), and the company reportedly gave out hefty salary bumps and stock options to staff. This success didn’t go unnoticed as Exxon, and industry peers like Chevron, were excoriated for setting profit records while consumers felt the squeeze at the gas pump.

Healthcare (Sort of)

The healthcare sector was a mixed bag this year, but some winners did emerge.

Large cap pharmaceutical companies managed to stay strong, even as the markets languished. Merck led the way with +45% growth this year, with Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, and Eli Lilly (+32%) also posting double-digit growth. For the latter two companies, this is a continuation of a long-term trend. Over the past decade, AbbVie is up over 600%, and Eli Lilly is up more than 800%.

Pfizer (-12%) is the notable red spot in a green industry. The company had such a strong couple of years that the decline in 2022 is not surprising. It’s worth noting that the company still has billions in cash, and its oral antiviral tab could become a big sales driver over the coming year.

The big three companies in the medical distribution industry—McKesson (+50%), Cardinal (+47%), and AmerisourceBergen (+24%)—also had a solid year.

Big Aerospace and Defense Companies

Major defense and aerospace stocks—with the exception of Boeing—outperformed the broader market in 2022.

Northrop Grumman (+41%) saw healthy gains, powered by its space segment. The company will be busy building rocket boosters that will help put Amazon’s 3,000+ communications satellites into orbit in coming years.

Lockheed Martin (+38%) capped off a strong year with a cool half a billion dollar contract from the U.S. Government.

The Losers

2022 was the worst year for the S&P 500 since the 2008 financial crisis. While the markets usually finish up, down years can happen. Last year was one of those rare times.

Unlike the winning side of the equation, there’s no lack of material to cover in this section. We’ve scanned the sea of red for sectors to dig into.

Technology

The tech sector, from semiconductors to software, saw steep declines across the board last year.

The list below, which shows the largest declines in the S&P 500, puts into perspective just how much value was wiped out in the tech sector this year.

Company	Ticker	Market Cap Change (2022)	% Change (2022)
Apple	AAPL	-$846 billion	-27%
Amazon	AMZN	-$834 billion	-50%
Microsoft	MSFT	-$737 billion	-29%
Tesla	TSLA	-$672 billion	-65%
Meta Platforms	META	-$464 billion	-64%
Nvidia	NVDA	-$376 billion	-50%
PayPal	PYPL	-$140 billion	-62%
Netflix	NFLX	-$136 billion	-51%
Walt Disney	DIS	-$123 billion	-44%
Salesforce	CRM	-$118 billion	-48%

In absolute terms, Apple is the biggest loser on the year, shedding $846 billion from its market cap. Meta, which is in the midst of building out its vision for a “metaverse”, also saw one of the biggest declines, shedding $464 billion in market cap.

Semiconductor stocks, like NVIDIA (-50%) and TSMC (-38%) were hit particularly hard.

The so-called crypto winter, collapse of NFT transactions, and even bigger collapse of FTX, spelled tough times for any company that specialized in crypto. Although Coinbase avoided any major controversies last year, its stock was still hammered, falling 86% on the year.

Automakers

Last year posed many challenges for U.S. automakers.

Macroeconomic issues aside, simply being able to roll new vehicles off the assembly line proved to be a challenge as supply chain issues persisted.

Tesla saw 40% growth in deliveries last year, but that was not enough to satisfy investors. The automaker’s stock has been plummeting since September, and eventually finished down 65% on the year.

Other pure-play EV companies fared even worse. Rivian and Lucid saw massive 90%+ declines over the course of last year.

Real Estate

Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) stocks trailed the overall market due to soaring interest rates and uncertain economic circumstances.

This was in stark contrast to 2021, when REITs had one of their best-ever performances.

Though most of this sector is made up of REITs, WeWork is also in the mix. The previously high-flying company saw one of the steepest declines, finishing the year down more than 80%.

The Year Ahead

Many experts believe that a recession is coming, with severity and duration being the main topics of debate.

Other questions remain as well. Will the tech sector continue mass layoffs going into 2023? Will supply chain issues persist? Will offices slowly spring back to life, or has remote work drastically altered the commercial real estate equation? Will the conflict in Ukraine continue, or come to a resolution?

If there’s one thing we’ve learned over the past three years, it’s that predicting the future is anything but easy.