A U.S. judge has upheld New York’s Protect Our Courts Act, barring immigration agents from making arrests in or around state courthouses. The ruling reinforces the state’s authority to shield court proceedings from federal immigration enforcement, a practice critics say undermines access to justice.
The Ruling
On November 17, 2025, U.S. District Judge Mae D’Agostino dismissed a Justice Department lawsuit challenging the 2020 law. The Act prohibits Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) from detaining individuals at or near courthouses, a tactic long used to target undocumented immigrants who reliably appear for hearings. In her 41‑page decision, Judge D’Agostino concluded that New York acted within its rights to regulate conduct on state property and protect the integrity of its judicial system US News.
Background
- The Protect Our Courts Act was passed in 2020 amid growing concerns that ICE arrests at courthouses deterred victims, witnesses, and defendants from attending proceedings.
- Federal officials argued the law obstructed immigration enforcement and shielded individuals from lawful detention.
- The lawsuit formed part of broader efforts by the Trump administration to challenge sanctuary policies in Democratic‑led states US News U.S. Department of Justice.
Broader Implications
The ruling underscores the tension between federal immigration enforcement and state sovereignty. Advocates say the decision ensures that courthouses remain safe spaces for all participants in the justice system, while critics warn it hampers federal efforts to deport individuals without legal status.
Legal analysts note that the case could set a precedent for other states seeking to limit federal enforcement actions in sensitive public venues. It also highlights the ongoing national debate over immigration policy, sanctuary laws, and the balance of power between state and federal authorities.
Outlook
With the Justice Department’s challenge dismissed, New York’s Protect Our Courts Act remains in force. The ruling is expected to embolden immigrant rights groups and state lawmakers who argue that access to justice must be safeguarded from immigration enforcement pressures. Federal officials may appeal, but for now, the decision represents a significant victory for sanctuary advocates in New York.
