Europe is losing ground in the global competition to secure access to Africa’s critical minerals, primarily due to its stringent environmental, social, and governance (ESG) requirements, according to two visiting fellows at the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).
In a recent analysis, the energy researchers argue that the European Union’s “ESG-first” approach is hampering its ability to build independent and resilient mineral supply chains—particularly in contrast to China, which has made significant inroads across Africa with fewer regulatory constraints.
“The EU’s hyper-focus on ESG standards is proving counterproductive,” the researchers write, noting that this framework often clashes with the immediate priorities of many African governments, such as industrialization, infrastructure development, and job creation.
While ESG principles are intended to ensure sustainable and ethical practices, the researchers say Europe’s rigid implementation has made it a less appealing partner for African nations seeking rapid development. As a result, the continent is missing opportunities to secure critical raw materials essential for its green transition and technological autonomy.
The warning comes as global demand for minerals like cobalt, lithium, and rare earths surges, driven by the clean energy and electric vehicle sectors. Without a more pragmatic approach, the researchers caution, Europe risks becoming increasingly dependent on external suppliers—including geopolitical rivals—for the materials that will shape the future of energy and industry.
