Chinese state-owned companies are deeply involved in Africa’s port infrastructure, with a significant presence across 78 ports in 32 countries. This involvement spans financing, construction, and operation, cementing China’s role as a key player in Africa’s maritime trade. With 231 commercial ports on the continent, Chinese firms control more than a quarter of these vital trade hubs. In some instances, they manage the entire port development cycle—financing, building, and operating—with full ownership stakes.
This growing footprint has raised both opportunities and concerns. On one hand, China’s involvement offers improved port efficiency, particularly as many African nations privatize port operations to enhance performance. On the other hand, the trend raises questions about the long-term implications of such extensive Chinese control over critical infrastructure. One pressing issue is the possibility of commercial ports being repurposed for military use. Such scenarios prompt fears about China’s broader geostrategic objectives and its influence over African territories.
Concerns have intensified as Africa’s sentiment toward foreign military bases becomes increasingly cautious. A combination of historical experiences and a desire to maintain sovereignty has led to skepticism about foreign interventions on the continent, including China’s port-related activities. The prospect of a “one-sided” strategic presence, exclusive to China and devoid of balanced benefits for Africa, also fuels anxiety. As noted by the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, the emphasis is on mutually beneficial development—anything less could spark opposition to China’s growing influence.
Despite these concerns, China’s efforts in African ports remain integral to the continent’s infrastructure development. However, as the balance of power continues to shift, stakeholders across Africa and beyond are scrutinizing these ventures to ensure that they align with the continent’s long-term interests and security. The future of China’s port investments in Africa may hinge on their ability to navigate the delicate balance between infrastructure development and geopolitical implications.
What is required across the continent is a balanced, well aligned presence involving not only China but other major power and economies as well, these would ensure an unbiased and mutually beneficial economic relationship across the board and involving all stakeholders.
Source: Africa Center for Strategic Studies
