Trump’s tariffs have gutted Agoa’s duty‑free promise: our model shows how
The African Growth and Opportunity Act (Agoa) was introduced in 2000 as the cornerstone of US development-oriented trade policy towards sub-Saharan Africa. It was designed to grant eligible countries duty-free access to the US market. In February 2026, President Donald Trump signed a one-year extension after the programme lapsed in September 2025. Yet the programme’s […]
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