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Italian energy major Eni has announced a $1 billion expansion of its strategic partnership with Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), a U.S.-based startup pioneering commercial fusion energy. The agreement marks one of the largest private-sector investments in fusion technology to date and underscores Eni’s long-term commitment to decarbonization and energy innovation.
The funding will support the development of SPARC, CFS’s compact fusion demonstration plant, which aims to achieve net energy gain using high-temperature superconducting magnets. If successful, SPARC would pave the way for ARC, a commercial fusion power plant designed to deliver zero-carbon electricity at scale.
Eni, an early investor in CFS since 2018, has steadily increased its stake and technical collaboration, positioning itself at the forefront of fusion’s transition from laboratory science to industrial reality. The company stated that fusion energy represents a “breakthrough solution” for global energy security and climate goals.
The expanded partnership reflects growing confidence in fusion’s viability, with CFS targeting operational milestones by the end of the decade. Eni’s investment also aligns with its broader strategy to reach net-zero emissions by 2050 through a diversified mix of renewables, biofuels, and advanced technologies.
